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厌氧消化，生物固体，污染，甲基苯丙胺，吸附 1

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Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of abused drugs and their metabolites in a typical urban

Peng Hu, Changsheng Guo, Yan Zhang, Jiapei Lv, Yuan Zhang, Jian Xu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1140-5

摘要：

We developed a method for determining 11 abused drugs in water and sediment.

METH and EPH were the dominant drugs in water and sediment in Beiyunhe River.

Abuse drugs in Beiyunhe River were mainly from hospitals and sewage effluents.

Abused drugs in the water would not impair the aquatic ecosystem biologically.

关键词： Drugs of abuse     Occurrence     Distribution     Urban river     Environmental risk    

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Repurposing clinical drugs is a promising strategy to discover drugs against Zika virus infection

Weibao Song, Hongjuan Zhang, Yu Zhang, Rui Li, Yanxing Han, Yuan Lin, Jiandong Jiang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 404-415 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0834-9

摘要： Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging pathogen associated with neurological complications, such as Guillain–Barré syndrome in adults and microcephaly in fetuses and newborns. This mosquito-borne flavivirus causes important social and sanitary problems owing to its rapid dissemination. However, the development of antivirals against ZIKV is lagging. Although various strategies have been used to study anti-ZIKV agents, approved drugs or vaccines for the treatment (or prevention) of ZIKV infections are currently unavailable. Repurposing clinically approved drugs could be an effective approach to quickly respond to an emergency outbreak of ZIKV infections. The well-established safety profiles and optimal dosage of these clinically approved drugs could provide an economical, safe, and efficacious approach to address ZIKV infections. This review focuses on the recent research and development of agents against ZIKV infection by repurposing clinical drugs. Their characteristics, targets, and potential use in anti-ZIKV therapy are presented. This review provides an update and some successful strategies in the search for anti-ZIKV agents are given.

关键词： Zika virus     clinical drugs     ZIKV inhibitors     antivirals     repurposing    

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Small-molecule anti-COVID-19 drugs and a focus on China’s homegrown mindeudesivir (VV116)

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1037-3

摘要： The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has stimulated tremendous efforts to develop therapeutic agents that target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to control viral infection. So far, a few small-molecule antiviral drugs, including nirmatrelvir–ritonavir (Paxlovid), remdesivir, and molnupiravir have been marketed for the treatment of COVID-19. Nirmatrelvir–ritonavir has been recommended by the World Health Organization as an early treatment for outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. However, the existing treatment options have limitations, and effective treatment strategies that are cost-effective and convenient for tackling COVID-19 are still needed. To date, four domestically developed oral anti-COVID-19 drugs have been granted conditional market approval in China. These drugs include azvudine, simnotrelvir–ritonavir (Xiannuoxin), leritrelvir, and mindeudesivir (VV116). Preclinical and clinical studies have explored the efficacy and tolerability of mindeudesivir and supported its early use in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases at high risk for progression. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings regarding the pharmacological mechanism and therapeutic effects focusing on mindeudesivir and other small-molecule antiviral agents for COVID-19. These findings will expand our understanding and highlight the potential widespread application of China’s homegrown anti-COVID-19 drugs.

关键词： COVID-19     antiviral drugs     mindeudesivir    

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了解澳大利亚污水处理厂污泥和生物固体中某些滥用药物的清除和去向 Article

Meena K. Yadav, Cobus Gerber, Christopher P. Saint, Ben Van den Akker, Michael D. Short

《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第5期   页码 872-879 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.012

摘要：

非法药物和医用药物正逐渐成为研究者关心的新兴污染物，现在已有大量研究工作评估了它们在废水中的存在情况。然而，关于这些药物在处理后的污泥或生物固体中存在情况的信息却很少。在本项研究中，我们检测了取自澳大利亚一个大型城市废水处理厂（wastewater treatment plant, WWTP）的污泥和生物固体，以此确定5种滥用药物的存在情况，其中包括作为可卡因消耗量指示剂的苯甲酰爱康宁、作为代表性非法兴奋剂的甲基苯丙胺和3,4-亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺（3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine, MDMA），以及具有潜在环境风险的药品可待因和吗啡。通过固相萃取并由液相色谱串联质谱法（liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS）对样品进行分析。苯甲酰爱康宁和MDMA存在于原污泥中，但在固体处理过程中明显降解，且在脱水污泥（处理后）或生物固体中未检出。在所有生物固体样品中均检测到甲基苯丙胺、可待因和吗啡，平均浓度为20~50 μg·kg–1。这三种药物在生物固体中的存在表明这些化合物在固体和土壤中相对稳定，并至少可在生物固体中存在几年的时间。基于这些化合物的估计风险商（risk quotient, RQ）进行的简单环境风险评估表明，在标准的澳大利亚生物固体施用量下，与生物固体土地施用相关的潜在环境风险非常低。

关键词： 厌氧消化，生物固体，污染，甲基苯丙胺，吸附    

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Chinese expert consensus on oral drugs for the treatment of mature B-cell lymphomas (2020 edition)

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 815-826 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0891-0

摘要： Oral drugs such as ibrutinib play an important role in the treatment of mature B-cell lymphoma (BCL) due to their reliable efficacy, manageable safety, high accessibility, and convenience for use. Still, no guidelines or consensus focusing on oral drug therapies for BCL is available. To provide a reference of oral agent-based treatment for mature BCL, a panel of experts from the Lymphocyte Disease Group, Chinese Society of Hematology, Chinese Medical Association conducted an extensive discussion and reached a consensus on oral drugs for Chinese BCL patients on the basis of the current application status of oral drugs in China, combined with the latest authoritative guidelines in the world and current research reports. This consensus reviewed the application of oral drugs in the treatment of BCL and the latest research and provided appropriate recommendations on the use of oral drugs for indolent or aggressive BCL patients. With the deepening of research and the development of standardized clinical applications, oral medications will bring better treatment to BCL patients, enabling more patients to benefit from them.

关键词： B-cell lymphoma     oral drug     targeted therapy     immunotherapy     COVID-19 pandemic    

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nanocarriers for efficient cellular uptake and endosomal release of small molecule and nucleic acid drugs

Vaibhav Mundra, Ram I. Mahato

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 387-404 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1457-3

摘要： There are many challenges in developing efficient and target specific delivery systems of small molecule and nucleic acid drugs. Cell membrane presents one of the major barriers for the penetration of hydrophilic macromolecules across the plasma membrane. Nanocarriers have been designed to enhance their cellular uptake via endocytosis but following their cellular uptake, endosomal escape is the rate limiting step which restricts the value associated with the enhanced uptake by nanocarriers. Viruses are an excellent model for efficient cytosolic delivery by nanocarriers. Viruses exploit intracellular cues to release the genome to cytosol. In this review, we first discuss different endocytic uptake pathways and endosomal escape mechanisms. We then summarize the existing tools for studying the intracellular trafficking of nanocarriers. Finally, we highlight the important design elements of recent virus-based nanocarriers for efficient cellular uptake and endosomal escape.

关键词： nanocarrier     cellular uptake     endosomal release     nucleic acid drug    

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Telomeric impact of conventional chemotherapy

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 411-417 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0293-z

摘要：

The increased level of chromosome instability in cancer cells, leading to aneuploidy and gross chromosomal rearrangements, is not only a driving force for oncogenesis but also can be the Achille’s heel of the disease since many chemotherapies (CT) kill cells by inducing a non-tolerable rate of DNA damage. A wealth of published evidence showed that telomere stability can be more affected than the bulk of the genome by several conventional antineoplasic drugs. These results raise the interesting possibility that CT with genotoxic drugs preferentially target telomeres. In agreement with this view, accelerated shortening of telomere length has been described in blood lineage cells following high-dose CT (stem cell transplantation) or non-myeloablative CT. However, almost nothing is known on the consequences of this shortening in terms of telomere stability, senescence and on the development of second cancers or post-treatment aging-like syndromes in cancer survivors (cognitive defect, fertility impairment, etc.). In this article, we propose: (1) telomeres of cancer cells are preferential genomic targets of chemotherapies altering chromosome maintenance; (2) telomere functional parameters can be a surrogate marker of chemotherapy sensitivity and toxicity; (3) the use of anti-telomere molecule could greatly enhance the sensitivity to standards chemotherapies.

关键词： telomere     antineoplasic drugs     conventional chemotherapies    

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Product identification and toxicity change during oxidation of methotrexate by ferrate and permanganate in water

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1501-8

摘要：

• Oxidation of methotrexate by high-valent metal-oxo species was first explored.

关键词： Anticancer drugs     High-valent metal-oxo species     Oxidation kinetics     Reaction mechanisms     Multi-endpoint toxicity    

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Stroke prevention: an update

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 22-34 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0178-6

摘要：

Stroke is a personal, familial, and social disaster. It is the third cause of death worldwide, the first cause of acquired disability, the second cause of dementia, and its cost is astronomic. The burden of stroke is likely to increase given the aging of the population and the growing incidence of many vascular risk factors. Prevention of stroke includes—as for all other diseases—a “mass approach” aiming at decreasing the risk at the society level and an individual approach, aiming at reducing the risk in a given subject. The mass approach is primarily based on the identification and treatment of vascular risk factors and, if possible, in the implementation of protective factors. These measures are the basis of primary prevention but most of them have now been shown to be also effective in secondary prevention. The individual approach combines a vascular risk factor modification and various treatments addressing the specific subtypes of stroke, such as antiplatelet drugs for the prevention of cerebral infarction in large and small artery diseases of the brain, carotid endarterectomy or stenting for tight carotid artery stenosis, and oral anticoagulants for the prevention of cardiac emboli. There is a growing awareness of the huge evidence-to-practice gap that exists in stroke prevention largely due to socio-economic factors. Recent approaches include low cost intervention packages to reduce blood pressure and cheap “polypills” combining in a single tablet aspirin and several drugs to lower blood pressure and cholesterol. Polypill intake should however not lead to abandon the healthy life-style measures which remain the mainstay of stroke prevention.

关键词： stroke     prevention     vascular risk factors     cerebral infarction     cerebral hemorrhage     anti-thrombotic drugs     carotid endarterectomy    

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Factors related to compliance with oral analgesic treatment of inpatients with chronic pain

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 374-379 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0411-1

摘要：

This study aimed to determine the relationship between the different factors of analgesic therapy and the compliance of chronic pain inpatients. We prospectively investigated 100 consecutive inpatients with non-cancer chronic pain who were hospitalized to receive oral analgesic treatment in the Pain Department of West China Hospital from May 2013 to October 2013. Patients who completed the treatment plan were recorded as good compliance, whereas patients who partly completed or even refused the treatment were recorded as moderate or non-compliance, respectively. A total of 73 (73.7%), 17 (17.1%), and 9 (9.2%) patients showed good, moderate, and non-compliance, respectively. Univariate analyses showed significantly better compliance among farmers, patients educated in college or above, with family income of<3000 CNY, and with severe or moderate pain than those employed and unemployed (P=0.02), patients educated below college (P=0.013), with family income of≥3000 CNY (P=0.025), and with mild pain (P<0.001), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the family income of≥3000 CNY (OR: 2.50, 95%CI: 1.65–4.51, P=0.021) and mild pain (OR: 1.27, 95%CI: 1.03–3.31, P=0.016) were associated with moderate or non-compliance with oral analgesic treatment. In conclusion, the low compliance with oral treatment of analgesics was found in Chinese inpatients with chronic pain and compliance was negatively associated with family income and degree of pain of patients.

关键词： chronic pain     inpatient     oral paregoric drugs     compliance    

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Theoretical insights into influence of additives on sulfamethoxazole crystal growth kinetics and mechanisms

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1503-1515 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2294-4

摘要： In this work, the influence of the initial chemical potential gradient, stirring speed, and polymer type on sulfamethoxazole (SMX) crystal growth kinetics was systematically investigated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, experimental measurements and the two-step chemical potential gradient model. To investigate the influence of different conditions on the thermodynamic driving force of SMX crystal growth, SMX solubilities in different polymer solutions were studied. Four model polymers effectively improved SMX solubility. It was further found that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) played a crucial role in inhibiting SMX crystal growth. However, polyethylene glycol (PEG) promoted SMX crystal growth. The effect of the polymer on the crystal growth mechanisms of SMX was further analyzed by the two-step chemical potential gradient model. In the system containing PEG 6000, crystal growth is dominated by the surface reaction. However, in the system containing PEG 20000, crystal growth is dominated by both the surface reaction and diffusion. In addition, DFT calculations results showed that HPMC and PVP could form strong and stable binding energies with SMX, indicating that PVP and HPMC had the potential ability to inhibit SMX crystal growth.

关键词： insoluble drugs     polymer     inhibition crystallization     crystal growth kinetics     DFT calculations    

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抗肥胖症药物市场需求旺盛

Sarah C. P. Williams

《工程（英文）》 2024年 第32卷 第1期   页码 4-6 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.005

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整合药学发展的战略思考

张勇,赵一秀,杨宝峰

《中国工程科学》 2021年 第23卷 第1期   页码 185-192 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.01.022

摘要：

整合药学是以现代药学为基础、随着人类对复杂性疾病认识的日益深刻而提出来的，涉及新药研发、传统医药创新、 临床药学实践、药学学科建设及人才培养等诸多领域。为推进我国整合药学实践的发展，本文运用文献研究、学术交流、专 家咨询等方法，阐明了整合药学理念及内涵，提出了整合药学的未来发展战略。研究指出，要促进现代药学与传统药学的整 合，应建立健全整合用药临床实践指南、鼓励基于整合思维的创新中药研究、规范整合中西药临床应用；推进基于整合药学 的新药研发，应创新整合药物设计思路、开发适应整合药学的药物评价体系、加快建设整合药物的新药研发体系；推进整合 药学的临床实践，应进一步完善以患者为中心的临床用药指导、实现个体化治疗、丰富整合药学临床实践内容、加强整合药 物合理应用；推进整合药学学科建设，应丰富基于整合药学的药学本科理论和实践课程、加强教育培训及专业间协作。整合 药学是现代药学理论和实践的变革与发展，融合药学各相关学科的理论与实践，是构建促进人类健康、完善医疗体系的新型 药学理论和实践体系。

关键词： 整合药学，整合药物，新药研发，药物评价，临床用药指导    

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从天然产物创制新药的发展趋势

于德泉

《中国工程科学》 1999年 第1卷 第2期   页码 87-90

摘要：

文章展望了从天然产物中创制新药的发展趋势。单味中草药有效成分的研究重点将转向瞄准质控的中药复方化学成分研究。进入21世纪，中国天然药物研究要在国际上占有重要位置，突破口便是中药复方现代化，其关键之一便是化学（有效）成分研究。从中草药中发现有效成分或先导物必须采用化学成分与生物活性研究融为一体的机制，采用高通量筛选，目标就是寻找有效成分或先导物进而创制新药。长短结合，正确处理知识创新和新药开发的关系。知识创新须体现在创制新药的应用基础研究中，是产生巨大效益的理论基础；短程开发是知识累积水平的体现，是科研经费的必要补充和保证。改革传统天然产物化学研究模式，实施以当代最先进大型谱仪为先导的天然产物研究战略。

关键词： 天然产物     创制新药     中草药化学成分     波谱技术     高效色谱与质谱联用     高效色谱与核磁共振联用    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of abused drugs and their metabolites in a typical urban

Peng Hu, Changsheng Guo, Yan Zhang, Jiapei Lv, Yuan Zhang, Jian Xu

期刊论文

Repurposing clinical drugs is a promising strategy to discover drugs against Zika virus infection

Weibao Song, Hongjuan Zhang, Yu Zhang, Rui Li, Yanxing Han, Yuan Lin, Jiandong Jiang

期刊论文

Small-molecule anti-COVID-19 drugs and a focus on China’s homegrown mindeudesivir (VV116)

期刊论文

了解澳大利亚污水处理厂污泥和生物固体中某些滥用药物的清除和去向

Meena K. Yadav, Cobus Gerber, Christopher P. Saint, Ben Van den Akker, Michael D. Short

期刊论文

Chinese expert consensus on oral drugs for the treatment of mature B-cell lymphomas (2020 edition)

期刊论文

nanocarriers for efficient cellular uptake and endosomal release of small molecule and nucleic acid drugs

Vaibhav Mundra, Ram I. Mahato

期刊论文

Telomeric impact of conventional chemotherapy

null

期刊论文

关于联合国开发总署（UNDP）医农药工业在全球竞争中的技术升级研讨会介绍

李正名

期刊论文

Product identification and toxicity change during oxidation of methotrexate by ferrate and permanganate in water

期刊论文

Stroke prevention: an update

null

期刊论文

Factors related to compliance with oral analgesic treatment of inpatients with chronic pain

null

期刊论文

Theoretical insights into influence of additives on sulfamethoxazole crystal growth kinetics and mechanisms

期刊论文

抗肥胖症药物市场需求旺盛

Sarah C. P. Williams

期刊论文

整合药学发展的战略思考

张勇,赵一秀,杨宝峰

期刊论文

从天然产物创制新药的发展趋势

于德泉

期刊论文